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Objective To explore the therapeutic mechanism of in response to kainic acid－induced epilepsy in mice. Methods Sixty mice Were randomly divided into control group,model group and loW－dose Sirolimus group, medium－dose and high－dose Sirolimus groups. Prevention and therapeutic administration Were used in the Sirolimus loW,medium and high dose groups. One Week before model establishment,intraperitoneal injection of Sirolimus 1 mg／kg,3 mg／kg and 9 mg／kg Were given once a day,but the model group and the control group Were injected intra﹣peritoneally the same dose of 9 g／L saline. One Week after the preventive administration,all mice except the control group,Were intraperitoneally injected 30 mg／kg kainate solution,and the control group Was injected an equal dose of 9 g／L saline. Mice Were treated 1 Week after the establishment of the models. The number of mice With epileptic symp﹣toms and the number of epileptic seizures,the seizure time and the average number of episodes Were recorded,the Mor﹣ris Water maze test Was performed on the mice,and the arrival time,sWimming distance and number of crossing times of the mice Were collected. The expression levels of mTOR pathWay－related protein gene and the number of apoptotic cells in hippocampus Were detected in hippocampus of mice. Results Epilepsy symptoms appeared earlier in the model group after modeling,and the epileptoid－like symptoms Were significantly delayed in each group(P﹦0. 001 9). The epilepsy grading model group Was significantly higher than that of other groups. The mouse seizure time on the 6th day after modeling Was significantly higher than that on the 3rd day after modeling. The time required for the model epileptic mouse to reach the platform and the sWimming length Was significantly more than that of the control group( P ﹦0. 000 1),While the number of the mice traversing the platform Was significantly loWer(P﹦0. 000 2),and the admi﹣nistration group Was significantly relieved. The gene expression levels of mTOR pathWay key proteins mTOR and S6 in the hippocampus of mice in the model group Were significantly up－regulated(P﹦0. 000 1). Simultaneously,different doses of Sirolimus could significantly doWn － regulate PI3K,AKT,mTOR,and S6 gene expression levels( P ﹦0. 000 1). Compared With the control group,the gray ratios of p－PI3K,p－AKT,p－mTOR and p－S6 and normal PI3K,AKT,mTOR and S6 protein in the model group Were significantly higher(P﹦0. 000 1),and Sirolimus Was also observed. It Was significantly doWn－regulated after administration(P﹦0. 000 1). Conclusions Sirolimus can signifi﹣cantly inhibit the over－activation of mTOR signaling pathWay in the hippocampal region of kainic acid－induced epi﹣lepsy mice,thereby alleviating the symptoms of epilepsy in mice and increasing learning and memory.
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Objective To explore the role of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78),p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38MAPK) signal pathway in seizure-reduced brain injures and the regulatory effect of Nimodipine on it.Methods Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into status convulsion group (SC group),Nimodipine group(NM group),and a normal control group(NC group).The expressions of GRP78/Bip and p38MAPK mRNA and protein were detected by reverse transcription(RT)-PCR and immunohistochemistry.The expression of apoptosis cells was observed by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL).Results (1) Immunohistochemistry:at 4 h after induction of status convulsion,the expression of GRP78 protein in the hippocampus CA1 domain began increasing slightly,and reached a maximum at 24 h,and then began decreasing slowly ; at 4 h after induction of status convulsion,the expression of p38MAPK protein in the hippocampus CA1 domain began increasing,and reached a maximum at 24 h,and decreased remarkably at 48 h.(2) RT-PCR:at 4 h after induction of status convulsion,the expression of GRP78 protein in the hippocampus CA1 domain began increasing slightly,and reached a maximum at 24 h,and then began decreasing slowly.The NM group was much higher than the SC group and the NC group(all P ＜ 0.05) ; at 4 h after induction of status convulsion,the expression of p38MAPK protein in the hippocampus CA1 domain began increasing,and reached a maximum at 24 h,and decreased remarkably at 48 h;the NM group was much lower than the SC group,and higher than the NC group (all P ＜ 0.05).(3) TUNEL:at 4 h after induction of status convulsion,the expression of the TUNEL positive cells in the hippocampus CA1 domain began increasing slightly,and reached a maximum at 48 h,and then began decreasing,and there was no difference between SC group and NC group;the NM group was much lower than the SC group(all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The correlation of the increased expression of p38MAPK and neuronal apoptosis indicates that GRP78 signal pathway may be mediated to cell apoptosis through p38MAPK.Nimodipine can affect the expression of GRP78/Bip and p38MAPK,and relieve endoplasmic reticulum stress,and lessen the pathologic damage to the hippocampus.
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[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effect of edaravone ( ED) on the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-12 in the juvenile rat hippocampus after status convulsion ( SC) .METHODS: Juvenile male Sprague-Dawley rats were ran-domly divided into normal saline ( NS) control group, SC group and ED treatment group.The rats in each group were fur-ther divided into 5 subgroups according to different time points.The rats in SC group were kindled into epilepsy by lithium-pilocarpine chemical method.The protein expression of caspase-3 and caspase-12 was determined by immunohistochemistry methods.The mRNA expression of caspase-3 and caspase-12 was detected by RT-PCR.RESULTS:(1) The IA value of caspase-3 positive cells in 24~72 h SC group increased compared with NS group.With ED intervention, the IA value of caspase-3 positive cells decreased as compared with 48~72 h SC group.The results of RT-PCR showed that the mRNA ex-pression of caspase-3 was similar to the changes of protein.( 2 ) The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the IA value of caspase-12 positive cells in 12~72 h SC group increased compared with NS group.With ED intervention, the IA value of caspase-12 positive cells decreased as compared with 24~72 h SC group.The results of RT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression of caspase-12 was similar to the changes of protein.( 3 ) In ED group, Ⅴ grade convulsion was lower than that in SC group, and the latent period of seizures in ED group was significantly longer than that in SC group.CON-CLUSION:Edaravone inhibits the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-12 in pilocarpine-induced seizures in rat hippo-campus, suggesting that edaravone has protective effect against the damage caused by status convulsion.
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[ABSTRACT]AIM:Tostudytheeffectsofbaicalin(BC)onglialfibrillaryacidicprotein(GFAP)andnuclear factor-κB ( NF-κB) expression and neuronal apoptosis in juvenile rat hippocampus after status convulsion ( SC) .METH-ODS:One hundred and ninety five juvenile male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal saline pretreatment group (NS group), SC group and SC with BC pretreatment group (BC group).Each of these 3 groups would be subdivided into 5 subgroups sacrificed at 4 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after SC.The rat SC model was prepared by lithium-pilocarpine chemical method .The protein expression of GFAP and NF-κB was detected by the method of immuno-histochemistry .The mRNA expression of GFAP was detected by RT-PCR.The neuronal apoptosis was observed by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling ( TUNEL ) .RESULTS: Compared with NS group , the GFAP positive cells was in-creased in SC group (P<0.05).Compared with SC group, the expression of GFAP was significantly reduced in BC group (P<0.05).Compared with NS group, the NF-κB positive cells was increased in SC group (P<0.05).Compared with SC group, the expression of NF-κB was significantly reduced in BC group .RT-PCR showed that the expression trend of GFAP mRNA was similar to that of the protein .Compared with NS group , the TUNEL positive cells in the hippocampus CA1 area in SC group increased significantly 12 h after SC (P<0.01), and reached a peak at 48 h.After the intervention with BC, the TUNEL positive cells decreased significantly between 12~48 h after SC (P<0.05 or P<0.01), but the number of TUNEL positive cells remained significantly greater than that in NS group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The expression of GFAP and NF-κB in the hippocampus increased after SC in rats .Baicalin decreases the expression of GFAP and NF-κB in hippocampus of rats with pilocarpine-induced seizures , and reduces the number of neuronal apoptosis , sug-gesting that baicalin may protect against the brain damage caused by status convulsion .
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Objective To explore the correlation between serum myocardial enzymes and children with viral hepatitis according to clinical observation and analysis,in order to guide clinical treatment.Methods 66 children with viral encephalitis admitted in Women and Children's Hospital of Ninbo City from September 2010 to December 2011 were used as observation group,the aspartate a minotransferase(AST)level,lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)level,creatine kinase levels(CK)level,MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase(CK-MB)level in serum were detected by Olym pus AU-1000 automatic biochemical analyzer.The level ofα-hydroxybutyric acid dehydrogenase(α-HBDH)was detected,too.At the same time,another 48 normal children in our hospital were used as control group,and the same indexes were detected and recorded.After obtain those datas in two groups,the differences of myocardial enzymes between observation group and control group,acute and convalescent,light and heavy encephalitis encephalitis, gammaglobulin gammaglobulin treatment and non-treatment group were compared and analyzed.Results showed that the degrees of myocardial damage were varied in children with viral inordinately,the more serious illness in children,the higher myocardial enzyme levels.Correspondingly,while the children with encephalitis were in recovery ,their cardiac enzyme levels were found significantly reduced.Adding gamma globulin may help cardiac enzymes decreasing at a faster rate,favoring patients' recovery.Conclusion Cardiac enzyme activity can be used as an important indicator of clinical observation in children with viral and their prognosis,proper treatment should be carried out when the relationship between serum myocardial enzymes and viral encephalitis are clear.
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Objective To study the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor κB (NF-кB) and Caspase-3 and the change of neuron apoptosis of the hippocampus in the status convulsion rat , and to explore the effect of resveratrol on them.Methods A total of 106 male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into the control (A), convulsion (B) and resveratrol treatment (C) groups.Group B was further randomly divided into four subset groups (B1-B4) which were executed at 4h, 24h, 48h, 72h after convulsion discontinued .Continuous epilepticus was induced by injecting lithium chloride and pilocarpine , and group C was daily injected with 30mg/kg resveratrol 30minutes after convulsion stopped for 3 days.TLR4 and NF-κB/p65 proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry ( IHC ); the expressions of TLR4 and Caspase-3 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR.The neuron apoptosis was observed by TUNEL . Results The IHC staining of TLR4 protein in group B was significantly higher than in group A (P<0.05), and that in group C was much lower than in B 4 group ( P<0.01 ) .The expression of NF-кB/p65 showed that hippocampal neurons had positive expression in cell nuclei in group B compared with group A (P<0.05), and the expression of NF-кB/p65 protein in group C was much lower than that in group B 4 (P<0.01).The mRNA expressions of TLR4 and Caspase-3 in the rat hippocampus of group B were significantly elevated than that in group A ( P <0.05 ) , and the tendency was increased gradually , reaching the peak at 72 hours after seizure , and that in group C was much lower than that in B 4 group (P<0.01).The TUNEL positive cells in hippocampus CAl of B group were more than that of group A after the SC 24hours (P<0.01),reached the highest level at the 72nd hour, and that in group C the TUNEL positive cells were lower than that in B4 group (P<0.01).Conclusion The expression of TLR4, NF-кB and Caspase-3 increased after SC.Resveratrol can down regulate the expression of TLR4, NF-кB and Caspase-3 in the hippocampus with pilocarpine-induced seizures, reduced the number of neuronal apoptosis .These results suggest that resveratrol may have a protective effect against the hippocampus damage caused by status convulsion .
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Objective To evaluate the changes of IL-1β and IL-lra in hippocampus of rats with frequent febrile seizures(FS).Methods 21-day-old male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal control group(NC group),hyperthermic control group(HC group)and febrile seizures group(FS group).IL-1β and IL-1ra levels in hippocampus of these rats were determined by ELISA methods,IL-1β mRNA and IL-1ra mRNA levels in hippocampus were measured by RT-PCR.Results IL-1β mRNA and protein levels in hippocampus of rats in FS group were significantly higher than those in NC group and HC group(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).IL-1ra mRNA and protein levels in hippocampus of rats in FS group were significantly higher than those in NC group and HC group(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),too.IL-1ra/IL-1β protein ratio showed no significant difference among 3 groups.Conclusion Frequent FS can cause the increase of IL-1β and IL-lra mRNA and protein levels in hippocampus,suggesting that IL-1β and IL-1ra may be involved in the pathogenesis of hippocampal neuron damage in FS rat.
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Objective To investigate the contents of IL-1β and IL-1ra in cerebrospinal fluid of children with Japanese encephalitis, and their clinical significance. Methods Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to detect IL-lβ and IL-lra contents in 50 children with Japanese encephalitis and 20 children without nervous system disease (controls). Results IL-1β contents in climax stage, convalescent stage and the controls were (49. 43±14. 59) , (24. 73±14. 50) and (8. 98± 1.26)μg/L (F = 79.88, P<0.01); IL-lra contents in climax stage, convalescent stage and the controls were (177. 39±60. 19), (78. 24±44. 63) and (21. 09±3. 10) μg/L (F = 91. 53, P <0. 01). There were significant differences on IL-lβ and IL-lra contents among children with mild, moderate and severe encephalitis (climax: F = 82.36 and 66.50, P<0.01; convalescence; F = 55. 17 and 79.50, P<0.01). IL-1β content was positively correlated with IL-lra in both climax and convalescent stages (climax; r = 0. 815, P < 0.01; convalescent; r= 0.728, P < 0.01). Conclusions IL-lβ and IL-lra contents in cerebrospinal fluid are significantly increased in children with Japanese encephalitis in climax stage, which are closely correlated with the disease severity. The two indicators may participate in the pathological process of brain damages with Japaness encephalitis.
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Objective To study the change of BDNF/NF-κB signal pathway induced by repeated febrile seizures.Methods Fifty-one 21 d male rats were randomly divided into three groups:normal control group(n=14),hyperthermal control group(n=19)and febrile seizure group(n=18).The febrile seizure model was devdoped by warrn water immersion[(45.0±0.3)℃].BDNF and NF-κB were measured by enzyme hnked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and immunohistochemistry.Results The levels of BDNF in serum and hippocarnpus in FS group were higher than those in NC group(P＜0.01)and in HC group(P＜0.01).In FS group,the OD of the BDNF positive neuron was higher than that of NC group(P＜0.01)and HC group(P＜0.01);the OD of the NF-κb positive neuron in FS group was higher than that of NC group (P＜0.01)and HC group(P＜0.01),the OD of the NF-κB positive neuron in HC group higher more than in NC group(P＜0.01).There was positive correlation between BDNF expression and NF-κB activation(r=0.78.P＜0.01).Conclusion The expression of BDNF and NF-κB were obviously increased in FS group and they are positively correlated,suggesting that the BDNF/NF-κB signal pathway may be activated after febrile seizure.
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Objective To observe the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB in hippocampus injury of status epileptic rats and to study the regulating effect of PDTC on TLR4/NF-KB signal pathway and hippocampus injury, and to explore the role of TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway in the hippocampus injury of SE rats. Methods A hundred and six male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group (A), convulsion group (B), PDTC group (C), and group B were randomly divided into 4 subset groups (B1-B4), which would be executed at 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours after convulsion. Continuous epilepticus was induced by injecting lithium chloride and pilocarpine, and group C were daily injected with 100 mg/kg PDTC 30 minutes after convulsion stopped for 3 days. Then the histopathology changes in hippocampus were viewed by HE staining, TLR4 and NF-κB/p65 protein were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC), the expression of TLR4 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. Results Neuronal injury was observed after a long time of convulsion, and the change was increased gradually 72 hours after seizure, which was milder in group Cthan in group B4. The expression of TLB4 protein in group B (B1-B4 were 0.1287±0. 0260, 0. 1296± 0. 0285, 0. 1330±0. 0329 and 0. 1604±0. 0457, respectively) was significantly higher than in group A (0.0964±0.0324, t =0.0641-0.3236, all P<0.05), and that in group C (0.1271±0.0330) was much lower than in B4 group (t = -0. 0334, P <0. 01). The IHC staining of NF-κB/p65 showed that hippocampal neurons had positive expression in cell nucleus in group B compared with the group A (P < 0. 05), and the expression of NF-κB/p65 protein in group C was much lower than that in group B4 (P < 0. 01). The mRNA expression of TLB4 in rat hippocampus of group B were significantly elevated than that in group A (0. 268±0. 072, P < 0. 05), and the tendency was increased gradually, reaching the peak at 72 hours after seizure (1. 242±0. 100), and that in group C (0. 984±0. 263) was much lower than that in B4 group (t=-0.2578, P<0.01). There was a coincidence between the expression of TLB4 and NF-κB/ p65. Conclusions The increased expression of TLR4 and NF-κB/p65 in SE rat hippocampus may play an promotion role on the development of the hippocampus injury; PDTC can down regulate the expression of TLR4, and lessen the pathologic changes of hippocampus.
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BACKGROUND:Most foreign and domestic studies on the effect of androgen receptor(AR) on cardiovascular system are limited to myocardium.However,cardiac nervous system plays an important role in the cardiac functional regulation.OBJECFIVE:To observe the AR protein and mRNA expressions in intracardiac ganglia of male orchidectomized rats,to investigate whether androgen affects the expressions,and to make a comparison with normal rats and testosterone-substituted rats after orchiectomy.DESIGN:A randomized controlled experiment.SETTING:Department of Anatomy,Medical College,Wuhan University of Science and Technology;Department of Anatomy,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS:This study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy,Medical College,Wuhan University of Science and Technology between January and May 2003.Sixty healthy adult male Wistar rats,with body mass of 150 to 250g,were provided by the Animal Experimental Center,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology.METHODS:Sixty rats were randomized into 3 groups:①Control group,in which,testicles of rats were untouched.②Orchiectomy group,in which,bilateral testicles of rats were dissected.③Testosterone group,in which,the orchidectomized rats were injected with testosterone,0.2 mg once,once every 3 days,3 weeks totally.AR protein and its mRNA expressions in intracardiac ganglia of male orchidectomized rats were detected by immunohistochemical method and in situ hybridization method.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The positive rate of AR-positive cells in intracardiac ganglia (the number of positive cells/the number of total cells×100%)and its mean absorbance.RESULTS:All the 60 rats were involved in the final analysis.AR-positive nerve cells were found in all the intracardiac ganglia of atrial posterior wall in the 3 groups;The positive rate of AR protein and mRNA positive nerve cells in intracardiac ganglia and its mean absorbance were significantly lower in the orchiectomy group than in the control group and in the testosterone group (P＜0.05).But no obvious differences in the positive rate and mean absorbance existed between testosterone group and control group(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:AR exists in the intracardiac ganglia of atrial posterior wall,and it is regulated by androgen.
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To explore the role of β-endorphin (β-EP) in the pathogenesis of the acute encephaledema, the levels of β-EP in both of plasma and CSF were determined by radioimmunoassay in 69 children with infection of central nervous system consisting of 39 cases with encephaledema and 30 cases without encephaledema, respectively. Another 19 cases without intracranial infection were as the control group. The results showed that the levels of plasma and CSF β-EP in the encephaledema group (50.74 ng/L±26.60ng/L，62.72ng/L±39.23ng/L) were significantly higher than those in without encephaledema group (32.78 ng/L±21.2ng/L，34.13ng/L±30.26ng/L)and the normal group (14.83ng/L±6.55ng/L，9.77ng/L±6.33ng/L)，respectively (P＜0.01).It is concluded that β-EP plays an important role in the occurrence and development of encephaledema in children with the infection of central nervous system.
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Objective:To investigate the expression of estrogen receptor(ER) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in the intra-cardiac ganglia of rats and to identify the coexistence of these two proteins in the intra-cardiac ganglia.Methods:The double labeling techniques of immunocytochemical staining were conducted in the study.Results:There were three immunoreactively-labeled neurons in the ganglia.The ER-staining was showed brown in color,locating in the nucleus;IL-6 staining was showed red in color,locating in the cytoplasm;there were ER/ IL-6 double-labeled cells in same section,which accounted for about 20% to 30 %of the total single and double labeled neurons.Conclusion:ER and IL-6 can coexist in same rat intra-cardiac ganglia cells.Therefore,it provides morphological evidence for the theory about immune-neuro-endocrine network at the cellular level.
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Objective:To study the expression and variance of interleukin-6(IL-6)and nerve growth factor positive neurons in the intrinsic cardiac ganglia of females that were intact,females that were ovariectomized,or ovariectomized females that were treated with 17?-estradiol.Methods:Immunohistochemical staining technique.Results:IL-6-IR and NGF-IR neurons were presented in the intrinsic cardiac ganglia of these groups,but the number of the IL-6-IR neurons increased remarkably and their expression increased obviously in the intracardiac ganglia of ovariectomized rats,while the number of the NGF-IR neurons decreased remarkably and their expression reduced obviously in the intracardiac ganglia of ovariectomized rats.Conclusion:IL-6 and NGF are present in rat intrinsic cardiac ganglionic cells and they are also influenced by estrogen,suggesting that 17?-estradiol may have the capacity to regulate the expression of IL-6 and NGF in intrinsic cardiac ganglia.
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24 patients suffering from tertian malaria were treated with 600 mg of artesunate tablet as a total dose in a 5-day course. The result showed that all patients were clinically cured with symptoms and signs subsided quickly. Defervescence and parasite clearance times were 19. 9?15.8 and 56. 8?17. 4 hours respectively. The recrudescent rate was 54.2％ within 28 days.
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The primary sensory neuron simultaneously innervating two or three viscera was studied in this paper, In one group the viscera in neck, thorax, abdomen and pelvis of the rat were paired off, i.e. esophagus-thyroid gland; esophagus-trachea; heartstomach; lung-stomach; left kidney-spleen; urinary bladder-uterus; urinary bladderrectum; uterus-rectum. Propedium iodide (PI) or fast blue (FB) and bisbenzimide (Bb) or nuclear yellow (NY)were injected separately into the first and second organ of paired viscera.PI-Bb (or FB-NY) double labelled cells were observed in corresponding ganglia (dorsal root ganglia and upper and lower ganglia of vagus nerve). In another group, PI, FB and NY were injected into urinary bladder, rectum and uterus separately. We observed a very few of PI-FB-NY triple labelled cells in L_(1-2) dorsal root ganglia.The above findings indicated that there are sensory convergences of visceroviscera in the same sensory ganglion cell in rat.
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Objective To demonstrate simultaneously on transcription and translate levels the tyrosine-hydroxylase(and somatostatin)gene expression and peptide storage in same intrinsic cardiac ganglionic neuron of bufo bufo gargarizans. Methods Using immunohistochemical method,in situ hybrodization method and in situ hybrodization/immunohistochemical double labeling method on freeze-sections of sinus venanum cavanum of bufo bufo gargarizans atrial posterior wall (30*!?m)to observe THmRNA and /or TH-IR and SSmRNA and /or SS-IR dyeing neurons of intrinsic cardiac ganglia. Results There are kinds of positive neurons:1.TH-IR positive neurons;2.THmRNA positive neurons;3.TH mRNA/TH-IR double positive neurons and 1.SS-IR positive neurons;2.SSmRNA positive neurons;3.SSmRNA/SS-IR double positive neurons.Conclusion 1.TH mRNA and TH appearing in same intrinsic cardiac ganglionic neuron demonstrate that a part of intrinsic cardiac ganglionic neurons are possibly adrenergic sympathetic neurons;2.SSmRNA positive neurons and SSmRNA/SS-IR double positive neurons indicat that SS could be a neurotransmitter of intrincic cardiac ganglinic neurons.It provides neuroanatomy evidence of regulating cardiac function(excitatory conduct、cardiac muscle secrete and contract)by intrinsic cardiac SS-nergic neuron.
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Propedium iodide (PI) and bisbenzimide (Bb) were injected into anterior wall of the cardiac ventricle and lesser curvature of the stomach in the rat respectively. We have found that PI labelled cells are distributed in C_4-T_(12), Bb labelled cells in T_4-L_1, PI-Bb double labelled cells in T_6-T_(11) dorsal root ganglia. This result indicate that dichotomizing branches of peripheral process from some of dorsal root ganglionic neuron projecte to two visceral organs simultaneously. By means of immunocytochemistry (PAP method), some of double fluorescence cells are CGRP positive. The significance of the viscero-visceral sensory converging to same primary sensory neuron was discussed.
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Objective To study the existence and variance of nerve growth factor positive neurons in the intrinsic cardiac ganglia of adult (3 months) and old (15 months) rats. Method Immunohistochemical staining technique. Results NGF positive neurons exist in the intrinsic cardiac ganglia of the adult and old rats, but these neurons decreased remarkably and NGF expression reduced obviously in the cardiac ganglia of old rats.Conclusions The find of NGF positive neurons in the posterior wall of atria provides morphologic evidence for the normal existence and the decreasing of NGF related with age in the cardiac ganglia.It also indicates that the degeneration of heart function may correlate closely to the expression of NGF.